“an absence of intrinsic factor
“an absence of intrinsic factor
Discuss the defect of gastric secretion of intrinsic factor (IF) that leads to anemia. Identify the type of anemia this defect can cause and the risk factors that can lead to this anemia to develop. Briefly discuss the treatment options for this type of anemia.
Peer Response 1:
Luisa Perez posted
Intrinsic factor (IF) combines with vitamin B12 in the stomach and is a mucoprotein produced by parietal cells (McCance & Huether, 2019). This is needed for the absorption of vitamin B12 by the ileum (McCance & Huether). Defects in intrinsic factor production lead to decreased B12 absorption and pernicious anemia (McCance & Huether). This discussion post will identify the type of anemia this defect can cause, the risk factors that can lead to this anemia to develop, and the treatment options for this type of anemia.
It is stated by Harvard Health that “an absence of intrinsic factor is the most common cause of pernicious anemia (Harvard Heath, 2019). This absence is at times associated with atrophic gastritis which is the thinning of the lining of the stomach and is commonly seen in elderly people of African American or Northern-European descent (Harvard Health). Pernicious anemia is caused by atrophic gastritis and failure to absorb vitamin B12 (McCance & Huether, 2019). It is also stated by McCance & Huether that “deficiency in IF secretion may be congenital; however, it is often considered an autoimmune (and possibly innate) process directed against gastric parietal cells” (p. 932).
Harvard Health (2019) states, “Pernicious anemia occurs more commonly in people who already have diseases that are linked to immune-system abnormalities, such as Graves’ disease, hypothyroidism (under-functioning thyroid gland), thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid), vitiligo and Addison’s disease (adrenocortical insufficiency). Family history of the condition can also predispose someone to get this type of anemia. Other risk factors include surgical removal of the stomach, resection of the ileum, and infestation with tapeworms (McCance & Huether, 2019). Conditions that increase the demand of vitamin B12 can also pose a risk. Such conditions include, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, chronic infection, and disseminated cancer (McCance & Huether).
Pernicious anemia is diagnosed based on the clinical manifestations that are present as well as a variety of test results. These tests include blood tests, bone marrow aspiration, gastric biopsy, and serologic studies (McCance & Huether, 2019). The following treatment options are available for this type of anemia. The treatment of choice is replacement of vitamin B12 by injections. These vitamin B12 injections are administered weekly until the deficiency is corrected, and then there are monthly injections for the remainder of the individual’s life (McCance & Huether).
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