Discussion 2: Data Analysis
Discussion 2: Data Analysis
You are now aware of the terms population, sample, and confidence intervals. You will be required to answer questions about these terms in this this week’s Discussion.
To prepare for this Discussion, review the following problem:
Review and respond to problem 5 under “Data Analysis” on page 409 of your course text.
To determine the solution to problem 5, you will need to:
- calculate the mean of all the park acreages (the “population mean”)
- select a random sample of 20 of the values
- calculate the sample mean,
- construct a 90% confidence interval around that sample mean
- determine whether the population mean can be found within your confidence interval
By Day 4
Post a 200- to 250-word response that addresses the following question: Is the population mean contained in the confidence interval? Be sure to justify your explanation.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings.
By Day 7
Respond to two or more of your colleagues’ postings in one or more of the following ways:
- Ask a probing question.
- Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
- Offer and support an opinion.
- Make a suggestion.
- Expand on your colleague’s posting.
Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you learned and the insights you gained from the comments your colleagues made.
Note: Refer to the Discussion Template in the Course Information area of the course navigation menu for your main post and response
.
Submission and Grading Information
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:
Week 4 Discussion 2 Rubric
Post by Day 4 and Respond by Day 7
To participate in this Discussion:
Week 4 Discussion 2
Week 5: Hypothesis Testing
Do you find that you base your day-to-day decisions on data, assumptions, or a combination of both? Before beginning this course, did you explore any data about the course or make any assumptions? That is to say, do you use data to make a hypothesis about a potential course of action?
A hypothesis is a claim made for the sake of argument. Once a hypothesis is made, it can be tested. In statistics, hypothesis testing allows the tester to evaluate claims about a population. This week, you will learn how to apply the concepts of valid hypothesis testing. You will focus on the definitions and types of hypotheses and learn how to test a hypothesis using confidence intervals.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
- Apply hypothesis testing to solve problems
- Identify concepts related to hypotheses testing
Photo Credit: [Hans Slegers]/[Hemera / Getty Images Plus]/Getty Images
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Bluman, A. G. (2014).
Elementary statistics: A step-by-step approach (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- Chapter 8, “Hypothesis Testing” (pp. 413–486)
McGraw-Hill. (2014). Connect Math. Retrieved from
http://www.connectmath.com
Access this website for your quiz this week.
Document: Week 5 Study Notes (PDF)
The Study Notes support the course content presented in Week 5.
Optional Resources
Khan Academy. (2014). You can learn anything. Retrieved from
www.khanacademy.org
University of Baltimore. (2015). Dr. Arsham’s statistics site. Retrieved from
http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/Business-stat/opre5…
Note: Although not required, you may consider reviewing all sections in your course text on Minitab, Microsoft Excel, and TI-83 and 84 as optional material that may be helpful.
Discussion: Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis testing allows you to verify whether a supposition is correct. By considering the variables, you may also be able to analyze the reason why the hypothesis is proven correct or incorrect.
To prepare for this discussion, find a news story that presents statistics as evidence. Consider the following questions:
- What are they trying to prove? I.e., what question are they trying to answer?
- What would the null hypothesis be–how could they say that what they are trying to prove isn’t happening?
- What would happen if they rejected the null?
- What action would they take?
- If there were a type I error, what would be the effect of the action taken?
- What would happen if they could not reject the null?
- What action would they take?
- If there was a type II error, what would be the effect of the action?
By Day 3
Post a brief, 200- to 250-word statement that identifies the null and alternative hypotheses involved in your article, the implications of the two potential conclusions that might have resulted, and the impact of potential Type I and/or Type II errors. Refer to the “Type II Error and the Power of a Test” section in the course text as well as reputable sources on the Internet to help in the formulation of your post.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings.
By Day 6
Respond to two or more of your colleagues’ postings in one or more of the following ways:
- Ask a probing question.
- Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
- Offer and support an opinion.
- Make a suggestion.
- Expand on your colleague’s posting.
Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you learned and the insights you gained from the comments your colleagues made.
Note: Refer to the Discussion Template in the Course Information area of the course navigation menu for your main post and response
.
Submission and Grading Information
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:
Week 5 Discussion Rubric
Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6
To participate in this Discussion:
Week 5 Discussion
Assignment: Applying the Concepts
Companies often develop and test hypotheses about their products. Regulatory and consumer protection groups must also test claims resulting from hypotheses used to promote products.
By Day 7
Submit a 1- to 2-page paper that addresses the following:
Assume you are working at the Consumer Protection Agency. Recently, you have been getting complaints about the highway gas mileage of a new minivan. The car company agrees to allow you to select randomly 41 of its new minivans to test their highway mileage. The company claims that its minivans get 28 miles per gallon on the highway. Your test results show a sample mean of 26.7 and a sample standard deviation of 4.2.
Part 1 (Confidence Interval):
- Calculate a 95% confidence interval around your sample mean.
- Is the claimed mean inside your confidence interval?
- What does your result mean, in terms of the company’s claim?
Part 2 (Two-tail test):
- List the null and alternative hypotheses for the appropriate test.
- Use alpha = 0.05. Find the critical value(s) and calculate the observed value of the test statistic.
- Is the observed test statistic in the critical (rejection) region?
- Will the p-value be higher or lower than your alpha? What does this result mean, in terms of the company’s claim?
Part 3 (One-tail test):
- List the null and alternative hypotheses for the test.
- Use alpha = 0.05.
- Find the critical value and calculate the observed value of the test statistic.
- Is the observed test statistic in the critical region?
- Will the p-value be higher or lower than your alpha?
- What does this result mean, in terms of the company’s claim?
Part 4 (Conclusion):
- What conclusions did you reach?
- What did you learn from each method of checking the claim for means?
- Were there important differences between methods? Which method would you prefer?
- Which carries a higher risk of a type I error?
- Based on this experience, why do you think it’s important to decide on the method before conducting the test?
- Based on your results, do you support the company’s claim?
- What action, if any, should the company take?
Note: The 1- to 2-page requirement does not include the graphs you prepare for this Assignment. Embed the graphs you create in the Word document with your written responses to the questions. Drawings may be hand-drawn and either scanned or photographed, or they may be drawn using Minitab or other statistical drawing packages.
Submission and Grading Information
To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:
- Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
- Click the Week 5 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
- Click the Week 5 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
- Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
- If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
- Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:
Week 5 Assignment Rubric
Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity
To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:
Submit your Week 5 Assignment draft and review the originality report.
Submit Your Assignment by Day 7
To submit your Assignment:
Week 5 Assignment
Week 5 Quiz
Welcome to the Week 5 Quiz.
The quiz is available on Day 1 and remains available throughout the course. The quiz has no time limit and may be taken multiple times.
By Day 7
Complete the quiz of this week.
Submission Information
To access this week’s Quiz, click on the Connect Math link.
Week in Review
In this week, you learned how to apply the concepts of valid hypothesis testing. You also focused on the definitions and types of hypotheses and learn how to test a hypothesis using confidence intervals.
In the next week, you will turn your attention to reflecting on the knowledge gained and how you can apply that knowledge toward your professional development.
To go to the next week:
Week 6
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