GRADED EXAM 2 1.Grid training was criticized for Select one:
GRADED EXAM 2 1.Grid training was criticized for Select one:
GRADED EXAM 21.Grid training was criticized for
Select one:
a. ignoring the influence of referent power.
b. advocating a one-best-way style of leadership.
c. demanding more from leaders than most were capable of giving.
d. being little more than a money-making scheme.
e. suggesting that it was possible to be concerned with people and production simultaneously.
2.Question text
Less restrictive policies and procedures and less standardized operating methods are approaches to:
Select one:
a. organizational flexibility.
b. centralized organizations.
c. span of control.
d. organization hierarchy. e. creativity.3.At a management retreat, you and a group of your colleagues are reminiscing about how much you enjoyed college life. Everyone remembers their favorite management topics. You are all surprised to realize that each of you has a favorite leadership theory. However, no one can remember the name of the theory they liked most!
Tammy Jean knows that her favorite leadership theory is the one that assumed that leaders are born, not made. (This is because Tammy Jean does, in fact, believe she is a “born leader!”)Martha, on the other hand, has found that her most effective style of leadership is to capitalize on the fact that her employees genuinely like and admire her, to the point that they would like to emulate her in their own careers.William argues that his favorite theory recognized that the best answer concerning which style of leadership to use is “It depends!” He maintains that the theory he liked the most argued for “looking before you lead.”Martha’s favorite leadership theory is:
Select one:
a. trait
b. behavioral
c. situational
d. charismatic
e. transactional
4.Which of the following is NOT a key consequence of behavior associated with OB Mod?
Select one:
a. Punishment
b. Extinction
c. Need fulfillment
d. Positive reinforcement e. Negative reinforcement5.A team that sets its own goals and assesses its own performance could be considered
Select one:
a. insolvent.
b. affected.
c. empowered.
d. ostensible.
e. united.
6.Working less hard and being less productive when in a group is known as:
Select one:
a. social facilitation.
b. collaboration.
c. social loafing.
d. compromise.
e. none of the above
7.Which of the following is not included from your text as a contribution of a team?
Select one:
a. Force for quality
b. Force for speed
c. Force for empowerment
d. Force for productivity
e. Force for innovation
8.Which of the following reflects a possible cause for an inappropriate vision?
Select one:
a. The vision is too challenging.
b. The vision does not motivate all members of the organization.
c. The vision may reflect only the leader’s needs.
d. The vision is too long-term.
e. All visions are appropriate.
9.________ refers to applying a valued consequence that increases the likelihood that the person will respect the behavior that led to it.
Select one:
a. Punishment
b. Extinction
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Negative reinforcement
e. Empowerment
10.Your organization uses teams extensively. In your new position as District Manager, you will be responsible for managing several different teams:
You are now a member of theDistrict Managers’ Team–this team is made up of District Managers who coordinate the work of the district employees. As with all members of this team, you were named to this team when you were promoted to District Manager.You now supervise theSalary Survey Team. This team is made up of employees from around the district who have been assigned to study the organization’s current salary policies and recommend changes to make your organization more competitive for the best job candidates. Several of your employees have also been assigned to theService Enhancement Team, which has been formed to design new services for your organization to provide to customers. Each member of the team was selected for their technical expertise and knowledge.Finally, theLocal Managersin your district have formed their own team which meets each week via videoconference. They decided to do this so that they would be able to discuss similar issues they experienced in their jobs. They chose the videoconferencing method for their meetings since they are not able to meet regularly face-to-face.The local managers’ team which meets by videoconferencing is an example of which type of team?
Select one:
a. work team
b. project and development team
c. parallel team
d. management team
e. virtual team
11.You and a group of classmates decide to form a management club at your college or university. During this process the following occurs:
Initially, a group of interested classmates meets to decide what you want to do in the club. Many great ideas are put on the table and enthusiasm is high.A few meetings later, things are quite different. Now, individuals who put some of the original ideas on the table are fighting hard for their agenda and tempers are flaring. Some individuals are also causing conflict in their efforts to gain leadership positions in the club; the President’s job is particularly hotly contested.After a few weeks of conflict, the members realize that if they don’t come together, nothing will get done. The leadership roles have been decided now and group members begin to, as they said, “bond” and work together more.By the end of the first semester, the group is “running like a top!” The projects are on track, members are executing their assigned tasks, and the group feels a sense of success.At the point that the club considers themselves to be “bonding,” which stage of group formation would you use to describe their status?
Select one:
a. declining
b. storming
c. forming
d. performing
e. norming
12.Teams can be very effective as a
Select one:
a. building block for organization structure.
b. force for cost reduction.
c. force for change and speed.
d. force for quality and innovation.
e. All of the above.
13.Which of the following is NOT one of the skills or strategies that make up transformational leadership?
Select one:
a. Having knowledge of the business.
b. Having vision.
c. Having positive self-regard.
d. Building trust.
e. Communicating the vision.
14.Which of the following are effective developmental experiences for leaders?
Select one:
a. assessment
b. challenge
c. support
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
15.You and a group of classmates decide to form a management club at your college or university. During this process the following occurs:
Initially, a group of interested classmates meets to decide what you want to do in the club. Many great ideas are put on the table and enthusiasm is high.A few meetings later, things are quite different. Now, individuals who put some of the original ideas on the table are fighting hard for their agenda and tempers are flaring. Some individuals are also causing conflict in their efforts to gain leadership positions in the club; the President’s job is particularly hotly contested.After a few weeks of conflict, the members realize that if they don’t come together, nothing will get done. The leadership roles have been decided now and group members begin to, as they said, “bond” and work together more.By the end of the first semester, the group is “running like a top!” The projects are on track, members are executing their assigned tasks, and the group feels a sense of success.At the point that the club is “running like a top,” which stage of group formation would you use to describe their status?
Select one:
a. declining
b. storming
c. forming
d. performing
e. norming
16.The general goal of Quality of Work Life programs is to
Select one:
a. lower absenteeism.
b. attract employees.
c. satisfy the full range of employee needs.
d. improve working conditions.
e. provide socialization opportunities.
17.__________ refers to withdrawing or failing to provide a reinforcing consequence.
Select one:
a. Punishment
b. Extinction
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Negative reinforcement
e. Empowerment
18.You are assigned a team project in one of your most important classes. You are concerned about this project because a large portion of your grade is dependent upon this team’s performance. There are, in general, some hard-working and committed students on your team. However, you have one team member, whose nickname is “Man,” who feels that the course is not important and that he has other, more important, things to do. “Man” has decided to let the others do the work. There are a few other team members who work hard as long as you are all together, but don’t work well on their own.
In this situation, for your team to perform well (and for you to get a good grade!), you would like for the team to form a set of __________ that are positive and productive.
Select one:
a. norms
b. forms
c. rules
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
19.When the managers make the decisions themselves using information available to them at that time, it is referred to as a ________ decision style.
Select one:
a. Decide
b. Consult Individually
c. Consult Group
d. Facilitate
e. Delegate
20.Those who are encouraged to remain in or reenter the workforce on a flexible or part-time basis, whether for economic reasons, desire for social interaction, or the need to be productive are the:
Select one:
a. college-age workers.
b. American youth.
c. retirement-age workers.
d. post college-age workers.
e. new mothers.
21.As a Career Development Specialist with a large multinational corporation, you speak with young managers regularly about furthering their own leadership development. Patterned after what you learned in your first Management course, you give them three pieces of advice for effective developmental experiences. First, they must “stretch.” Instead of always taking the familiar path, try something that is a little uncomfortable and new for you. Second, think about what has been successful for you and what hasn’t. Ask your peers, supervisors, colleagues, and customers for feedback to clarify what you need to improve or change. Finally, make sure you have a network of individuals who are willing to “talk you through” when things are tough.
When you suggest that individuals “stretch,” you are referring to which key component for effective developmental experiences?
Select one:
a. assessment
b. challenge
c. support
d. enthusiasm
e. learning
22.According to the text, the fastest growing segment(s) of the workforce in theUnited States is (are):
Select one:
a. Hispanics and Asians.
b. Asians and African Americans
c. African-Americans.
d. Caucasians.
e. Norwegians
23.The two components of diversity training are
Select one:
a. skill-building and skill-training.
b. skill-training and skills assessment.
c. skills assessment and awareness training.
d. awareness building and skill-building.
e. skill-building training and skills assessment.
24._______ power is dominant when subordinates are obliged to comply by virtue of a boss’ authority.
Select one:
a. Legitimate
b. Reward
c. Coercive
d. Referent
e. Expert
25.The basic components of an effective sexual harassment policy include the following EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. to develop an organization wide policy on sexual harassment.
b. to establish a performance appraisal system.
c. to establish a formal complaint procedure.
d. to act immediately when employees complain of sexual harassment.
e. All of the above.
26.Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding decision styles?
Select one:
a. Laissez-faire style results in positive attitudes.
b. Democratic style results in positive attitudes.
c. Autocratic style results in higher performance.
d. Laissez-faire results in lower performance.
e. None of the above.
27.The behaviors that most often appear in research on leadership are
Select one:
a. autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire.
b. task performance, group maintenance, and employee participation in decision making.
c. leader preferences, follower preferences, environmental factors.
d. rate of change and complexity.
e. motivation, communication, and stress management.
28.Understanding and appreciating employee differences to build a more effective and profitable organization is known as:
Select one:
a. recruiting.
b. managing diversity.
c. selection.
d. job analysis.
e. organizational assessment
29.Suppose that you have an employee who has had trouble with their job in the past. Your goal is for the employee to increase their good performance of their job. You have decided that you will handle this situation in one of two ways:
Option 1 is to spend time with the employee every day helping him with their job. This is an appealing option to the employee because he appreciates the attention and sees it as a positive reward.
Option 2 is to tell the employee that they will lose their incentive option until their performance improves.
Option 1 in the scenario above is an example of:
Select one:
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. punishment
d. extinction
e. none of the above
30.According to the guidelines of goal-setting theory, which of the following goals is likely to stimulate performance?
Select one:
a. Increase quality levels.
b. Obtain sales levels 15% over the previous year.
c. Sell 85% of defective items overseas within two years.
d. Develop a cure for AIDS this year.
e. Employees who are late for work will be docked 1/2 day’s pay.
31.Teams that coordinate and provide direction to the subunits under their jurisdiction and integrate work among subunits are referred to as:
Select one:
a. self-managed teams.
b. quality circles.
c. management teams.
d. self-designing teams.
e. virtual teams.
32.Beau Shaffer, as part of his recent promotion, attended a seminar that focused on listening skills and how to give and receive feedback effectively. As part of the training, Beau actually practiced these skills with other managers and employees, many with diverse backgrounds. Beau found the seminar to be very helpful at pointing out the different approaches preferred by people from different backgrounds. This type of training is referred to as:
Select one:
a. skills training.
b. skill-building training.
c. awareness training.
d. awareness-building training.
e. developmental training.
33.Omiana was recently passed up for promotion. She was told that management was looking for someone who was more aggressive to fill the position. Omiana’s coworkers were surprised because she has a reputation for “getting things done.” Omiana later overheard one of the managers saying that he did not believe she was committed to her career since “she, like most women, leave work every day at 5:00 sharp.” It might appear that Omiana’s employer has made a mistake regarding
Select one:
a. stereotyping.
b. communication.
c. affirmative action.
d. cohesiveness.
e. motivation.
34.Integrating diversity into a corporate mission statement, providing adequate funding toward diversity efforts, and establishing corporate positions responsible for the management of diversity are all efforts that demonstrate
Select one:
a. top management commitment toward managing diversity.
b. gaining consumer preference toward your firm.
c. attempt to retain diverse employees.
d. positive organizational assessment figures.
e. None of the above.
35.Rachel is a candidate for a systems analyst position with ABC Company. She is very well qualified for the job. However, the manager for whom she would be working is concerned because Rachel has a hearing impairment. The manager has come to you for advice on this issue.
If Rachel is otherwise qualified, the company can hire her and use ___________ to _____________ her impairment.
Select one:
a. assistive technology, accommodate
b. special help, reduce
c. assistive technology, eliminate
d. special help, eliminate
e. a live assistant, help with
36.Shared beliefs about how group members should think and behave are referred to as
Select one:
a. cultures.
b. roles.
c. norms.
d. positions.
e. cliques.
37.The term psychological contract resides in the minds of:
Select one:
a. suppliers.
b. CEO’s.
c. customers.
d. employees.
e. competitors.
38.Question text
Groups that deteriorate over time move into a stage known as
Select one:
a. deterioration.
b. adjournment.
c. decline.
d. maturity.
e. disbanded.
39.The need found at the bottom of Maslow’s hierarchy is
Select one:
a. physiological.
b. social.
c. ego.
d. safety.
e. self-actualization.
40.The perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome is referred to as:
Select one:
a. valence.
b. instrumentality.
c. expectancy.
d. job enlargement.
e. job enrichment.
41.Alderfer’s ERG Theory focuses on
Select one:
a. existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs.
b. existentialism, relativity, and governance.
c. employment, recruitment, and gainsharing.
d. effort, return, and goal setting.
e. expectancy, risk, and growth.
42.Autocratic Leaders
Select one:
a. make decisions on their own.
b. solicit the input of experts.
c. solicit the input of group members.
d. allow subordinates to make decisions.
e. rely on machines and statistics for decision input.
43.Expectancy is
Select one:
a. the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome.
b. the value that expected outcomes hold for the person contemplating them.
c. Motivational Force X Sum of (Instrumentalities X Valences).
d. the perceived likelihood that employees’ efforts will enable them to attain their performance goals.
e. indirectly correlated with motivation.
44.The worst performance will result from
Select one:
a. a highly cohesive group that has high performance norms.
b. a highly cohesive group that has low performance norms.
c. a non-cohesive group that has high performance norms.
d. a non-cohesive group that has low performance norms.
e. None of the above.
45.According to Malcolm Forbes, diversity is:
Select one:
a. a good idea.
b. the art of working together without a problem.
c. the art of thinking independently together.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
46.You are assigned a team project in one of your most important classes. You are concerned about this project because a large portion of your grade is dependent upon this team’s performance. There are, in general, some hard-working and committed students on your team. However, you have one team member, whose nickname is “Man,” who feels that the course is not important and that he has other, more important, things to do. “Man” has decided to let the others do the work. There are a few other team members who work hard as long as you are all together, but don’t work well on their own.
In this situation, the students who only perform well when the group works together illustrate which of the following concepts?
Select one:
a. cooptation
b. virtual team
c. social loafing
d. social facilitation effect
e. none of the above
47.For goals to be motivating, they must be all of these except
Select one:
a. acceptable to employees.
b. subjective.
c. quantifiable.
d. difficult but attainable.
e. measurable.
48.Motivation refers to forces which
Select one:
a. energize a person’s efforts.
b. direct a person’s efforts.
c. sustain a person’s efforts.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above
49.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding authenticity?
Select one:
a. It is rooted in ancient Greek philosophy.
b. It is a style in which the leader is true to himself or herself while leading.
c. It can take the form of honesty, genuineness, integrity and reliability.
d. Its leaders can be trusted and care about public interests.
e. All of the above are true.
50.Which of the following is NOT an advantage associated with a diverse workforce?
Select one:
a. A greater knowledge of consumer preferences is gained.
b. Cohesiveness among employees is improved.
c. Creativity, innovation, and problem solving is enhanced.
d. The organization becomes more flexible.
e. Enhances organizational flexibility.
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