In what ways do we develop?
LA 255-Life Span Psychology
What are we talking about?
Lifespan development is a scientific approach to understanding human growth and change throughout life
In what ways do we develop?
What are we talking about?
Lifespan development is a scientific approach to understanding human growth and change throughout life
In what ways do we develop?
Physical
What are we talking about?
Lifespan development is a scientific approach to understanding human growth and change throughout life
In what ways do we develop?
Physical
Cognitive
What are we talking about?
Lifespan development is a scientific approach to understanding human growth and change throughout life
In what ways do we develop?
Physical
Cognitive
Social
What are we talking about?
Lifespan development is a scientific approach to understanding human growth and change throughout life
In what ways do we develop?
Physical
Cognitive
Social
Personality
The SCIENTIFIC part
Scientific Method?
Scientific Method
Question
Preliminary Research
Hypothesis
Test Hypothesis
Analyze
Developmental Ranges
Prenatal- before birth
Infancy and Toddlerhood- 0 to 3 years
Preschool- 3 to 6 years
Middle Childhood- 6 to 12
Adolescence- 12 to 20
Young adulthood- 20 to 40
Middle Adulthood- 40 to 65
Late Adulthood- 65 to death
Developmental Ranges
Prenatal- before birth
Infancy and Toddlerhood- 0 to 3 years
Preschool- 3 to 6 years
Middle Childhood- 6 to 12
Adolescence- 12 to 20
Young adulthood- 20 to 40
Middle Adulthood- 40 to 65
Late Adulthood- 65 to death
Some stages are marked by a biological event, like puberty, some are social constructions
Cohort
People born around the same time and place
Similar influences on their development
Historical events
Age
Sociocultural factors (class, ethnicity, subculture)
Non-normative life events
Question for the class
What are some cohort effects on your life? Unique effects on your generation
Change Over Time
Continuous
Gradual over time
Same behaviors in each stage, different abilities
Discontinuous
Change occurs in stages
Behaviors are different in each stage
Critical and Sensitive Periods
Critical Period- a time during development when a particular event has a severe consequence
Sensitive Period- a time when an organism is particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in the environment
The optimal period for particular capacities to emerge
Hippocrates and his humors
Imbalance of humors (bodily fluids) leads to dysfunctional behavior
Blood- upbeat, positive
Phlegm- apathy
Yellow Bile- aggression, irritability
Black Bile- melancholy, sadness
Nature v Nurture
It’s not a debate anymore your textbook is a liar
It’s both
Theoretical Perspectives on Lifespan Development
Psychodynamic
Freud
Erikson
Behavioral
Watson
Skinner
Cognitive
Piaget
Humanistic
Rogers
Maslow
Contextual
Bronfenbrenner
Vygotsky
Evolutionary
Darwin
Sigmund Freud
Inner forces, intrapsychic events, guide motivation and behavior
Id
Pleasure Principle
Ego
Reality principle
Superego
Conscience
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
Oral 0 to 12 months
Oral 0 to 12 months
Anal 12 to 18 months-3 years
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
Oral 0 to 12 months
Anal 12 to 18 months-3 years
Phallic 3 to 5 or 6 years
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
Oral 0 to 12 months
Anal 12 to 18 months-3 years
Phallic 3 to 5 or 6 years
Latent 6 to adolescence
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
Oral 0 to 12 months
Anal 12 to 18 months-3 years
Phallic 3 to 5 or 6 years
Latent 6 to adolescence
Genital Adolescence to adulthood
Erik Erikson
Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
Trust vs. Mistrust
0-1 year
1-3 years
3-6 years
6-11 years
Adolescence
Young adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Behavioral Perspective
Classical Conditioning- John Watson
Operant Conditioning- B.F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning
Rewards and Punishments
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
Operant Conditioning
Positive = add something
Negative = take something away
Reinforcement = increases chances behavior will be repeated
Punishment = decreases the chances behavior will be repeated
Social-Cognitive Learning Theory
Albert Bandura
Observe behavior of another
Recall behavior accurately
Mimic behavior accurately
Must be motivated for the reward
Cognitive Perspective
Jean Piaget
Theory of Cognitive Development
Schemas
Assimilation vs. Accommodation
Stages
Sensorimotor (0-2 yrs)
Preoperational (2-7 yrs)
Concrete Operational (7-11 yrs)
Formal Operational (Adolescence – Adulthood)
Humanistic Perspective
People are in control of their lives and decision making process
Emphasis on Free Will
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Unconditional Positive Regard- we need it
Self-worth is dependent on how others treat us
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs
Contextual Perspective
Individuals don’t exist in a vacuum
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Lev Vygotsky
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model
Vygotsky
Theory of Sociocultural Development
Evolutionary Perspective
Darwin’s Origin of Species
We develop for survival
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